Ingredients:
- 1 pound Elbow Macaroni (or Cavatappi/Campanelle)
- 2 tablespoons Coarse Salt (for boiling water)
- 6 tablespoons Unsalted Butter (for sauce)
- 1/3 cup All-Purpose Flour
- 4 cups Whole Milk (cold or room temperature)
- 1 teaspoon Dry Mustard Powder
- 1/2 teaspoon Freshly Ground Black Pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon Ground Nutmeg
- 1 teaspoon Salt (plus more to taste)
- 8 ounces Sharp Mature Cheddar, grated
- 4 ounces Gruyère Cheese (or Emmental), grated
- 4 ounces Extra-Sharp Cheddar, grated (for layering)
- 1 cup Panko Breadcrumbs
- 1/4 cup Grated Parmesan Cheese
- 2 tablespoons Unsalted Butter, melted (for topping)
Instructions:
- Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C). Lightly grease a 9x13 inch (23x33 cm) baking dish. Ensure all cheese is grated and mixed (reserve the extra 4 oz of sharp cheddar for layering, and the Parmesan for the topping).
- Cook Pasta: Bring salted water to a rolling boil. Cook the macaroni until very al dente (2 minutes less than package directions). The pasta will continue cooking in the oven and must be firm.
- Drain the pasta immediately and return it to the empty pot. Do not rinse. Set aside.
- Make the Roux: In a heavy-bottomed saucepan over medium heat, melt the 6 tablespoons of butter. Once melted, whisk in the flour until a smooth paste (the roux) forms.
- Cook the Roux: Continue stirring and cooking the roux gently for 2–3 minutes until it smells slightly nutty and loses the raw flour smell (a 'blond roux').
- Add Milk (The Béchamel): Remove the pan from the heat briefly. Slowly pour in the cold whole milk, whisking constantly to prevent lumps.
- Thicken the Sauce: Return the pan to medium heat. Bring the mixture to a simmer, stirring frequently. Reduce the heat and cook until the sauce is thick enough to coat the back of a spoon (about 5-7 minutes).
- Season: Stir in the initial salt, black pepper, dry mustard powder, and nutmeg.
- Make the Mornay: Remove the saucepan completely from the heat. Gradually add the 8 oz Cheddar and 4 oz Gruyère, stirring until the cheese is completely melted and the sauce is smooth and silky. Adjust salt and pepper now.
- Combine: Pour the cheese sauce (Mornay) over the drained macaroni in the large pot. Stir gently until every piece of pasta is coated.
- Assemble the Dish: Spoon half of the mac and cheese mixture into the prepared baking dish. Sprinkle evenly with the remaining 4 oz of extra-sharp Cheddar. Top with the rest of the mac and cheese mixture.
- Prepare Topping: In a small bowl, combine the panko breadcrumbs and grated Parmesan cheese. Drizzle with the 2 tablespoons of melted butter and toss until evenly coated.
- Top and Bake: Sprinkle the buttered panko mixture evenly over the macaroni. Bake for 20-25 minutes, or until the topping is golden brown and the cheese sauce is bubbly around the edges.
- Rest: Remove from the oven and let it rest for 10 minutes before serving. This allows the sauce to set up properly, preventing a runny outcome.